Cardiopulmonary Function in Thoroughbred Horses Running Uphill and Downhill on an Inclined Treadmill
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running.
We investigated the normal and parallel ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. Our rationale was that these force data would aid in the understanding of hill running injuries and energetics. Based on a simple spring-mass model, we hypothesized that the normal force peaks, both impact and active, would increase during downhill running and decrease during uphill running. We an...
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Six detrained Thoroughbred horses performed incremental treadmill tests. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured during exercise by analysis of expired gas. The relationships between oxygen consumption (VO2) and work rate, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV) and arteriovenous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O2] were examined during submaximal and maximal exercise. The r...
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Differential diagnosis between peripheral and central spontaneous nystagmus can be difficult to classify (as peripheral or central) even on the basis of criteria recommended in the recent literature. The aim of this paper is to use the combination of spontaneous nystagmus and ocular tilt reaction to determine the site of origin of the disease that causes nystagmus. We propose to classify the ny...
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When deciding about changes in levels of multiple marketing investments aimed at improving profits, managers need to know whether they are on the uphill side or the downhill side of the profit function with respect to each investment variable. Spending errors made by an uphill-located firm that believes that it is a downhill-located firm can have serious consequences. This article offers an eco...
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Companies know the amount of profit they make, but may not know whether they are operating on the uphill side or downhill side of the profit function with respect to each marketing investment variable. We first identify the risks of an uphill-located firm acting as if it were a downhill-located firm. Then, we develop a diagnostic tool to infer a company’s type based on its location on the profi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Equine Veterinary Journal
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0425-1644
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12267_75